The Church of God, the oldest major Pentecostal movement, was organized in Monroe County, Tennessee, on August 19, 1886, with eight members.

In 1909, Edmund S. Barr, a native of The Bahamas, attended the autumn camp meeting in Pleasant Grove, Florida, and received the baptism of the Holy Ghost. Edmund and his wife, Rebecca, were appointed ministers in the Church of God, with Rebecca holding the distinction of being its first female minister. Edmund had a desire to return to his homeland and tell his countrymen the good news of the full gospel. R. M. Evans, a retired Methodist minister, also felt ministry to the Bahamas was vital; Evans raised the money to send the Barrs back home and promised to follow. The Barrs arrived in Nassau on November 1909, becoming the first people to take the Church of God message outside the U.S. and creating the first missions endeavor of the Church of God. This marked the beginning of World Missions in the Church of God. Evans sold all of his possessions and bought a wagon and a team of mules. He and his wife, Ida, drove to Miami, where he sold the wagon and mules and bought tickets to the Bahamas. On January 4, 1910, the Evanses, along with Carl M. Padgett, landed in Nassau and became the first missionaries to represent the Church of God abroad.

When the Evanses met the Barrs, they were busy spreading the gospel on street corners and highways, but things were not properly organized until 1910 in Bain Town, with Arabella Eneas being the first documented convert. Shortly afterwards her husband, W.V. Eneas, was converted. Bishop W.V. Eneas started a work in his home, and later moved it to the campground in Hospital Lane, which became the first Bahamian headquarters for the Church of God. Bishop Eneas was appointed the Church of God's first minister outside the U.S.

In 1911, the general overseer, A. J. Tomlinson, led a group from Cleveland, Tennessee, visiting New Providence, Ragged Island, Long Island and Exuma, organizing churches in these islands. In 1913, Carl M. Padgett moved into Abacos, and on July 19, started the church at Green Turtle Cay, Abaco. The Green Turtle Cay church holds the distinction of being the longest continuing Church of God outside the U.S.

In 1923 when the General Overseer, Bishop A. J. Tomlinson was impeached and removed from office he came to The Bahamas and continued as General Overseer by appointing Bishop Stanley Ferguson as National Overseer, even though Milton Padgett was the Overseer. This move was well received as most of the churches left the Church of God and joined him, as they were not aware as to what had taken place in Tennessee and they did not know that Bishop Tomlinson was dis-fellowshipped. In 1925 when Bishop F. J. Lee, the General Overseer who replaced Bishop Tomlinson informed them and they accepted it, Bishop Eneas and other returned to the fold and he was appointed National Overseer over the black churches, while Bishop Stanley Pinder was appointed over the white work which stayed with Milton Padgett during the two tumultuous years This led to the official formation of The Church of God of Prophecy in 1925, which was the product of the first major split or pull away in the Church of God history, which seriously hampered the work in the Bahamas.

In 1928 the church suffered another setback with most of the white members joined Bishop Stanley B. Pinder, who served as overseer of the minority white group, left the Church of God and started the Assemblies of God on Kemp Road. The Weeches later left that group and were instrumental in forming Calvary Bible Church with Rev. Earl Weech serving as one of its early founders. Bishop Pinder later left them and returned to Long Island.

In 1954, the Church of God was incorporated by an Act of Parliament, with Bishops M.W. Patterson, W.V. Eneas, W.R. Franks and P. H. Patton as the original trustees of the church. The church was under the guidance of a colonial or missionary overseer, which was filled by Bishop Eneas and Bishop Franks during times of difficulties. In 1955 Bishop Patton was retired as pastor of Fowler Street, which was the Convention Centre of the Church of God after East Street Cathedral moved into its new building in 1952. He was replaced by O. F. Wolffe, who eventually led the formation of Faith Temple in 1957.

During the years leading to majority rule in the Bahamas, the church suffered another blow as the spirit to end colonialism was strong in the region. The political fervor prompted some of the  churches to cut ties from Tennessee and in 1965, a group led by Bishop John Davis Sr. and Bishop K. D. Josey formed the Church of God in The Bahamas. This moved impacted the work throughout The Bahamas, which was farther seen with other smaller groups formed out of the Church of God after 1967.

In 1972, as the country prepared for Independence, the work in The Bahamas became indigenous and self-supporting when Bishop William M. Johnson was appointed as the first National Overseer. He completed the expansion of the National Office Church of God with the formation of the convention center and the Evans-Barr Theological Institute, which was started by Bishop R. M. Hurst. He served until 1998, and upon his retirement, the process of electing the national overseer was introduced. Bishop Neville E. Hart succeeded him and was the first overseer to be elected via the preference vote taken every two years. He served for four years and established the Sally Lowe Housing Unit and purchased property for the Church of God Academy, which was not opened until September 2003. He was succeeded in 2002 by Bishop John N. Humes, who is the present overseer.  

The Church of God gave 3 presidents to The Bahamas Christian Council, namely Bishop William Johnson, Bishop Harcourt Pinder and Bishop John N. Humes.